道德共识既是人类道德生活一种基础性和起码性的共识,是人们对于道德底线或底线伦理的一种共同认识,也是对社会基本道德框架和共同信念的建构与认同,是对终极价值、至上目标的求索与渴望。道德生活多样化和价值观念多元化在带来一定道德解放和道德进步的同时,也给人们的精神生活和价值评价带来了诸多困惑、彷徨和不确定性,从而彰显了在整个社会范围内达成道德共识的必要性和重要性。道德共识形成的基础在于人类共生共存的需要、交互主体性的内在要求和个体成员具有的共同性价值追求。达成道德共识,应该确保人们彼此间的自由平等地位,充分体现出相互之间的尊重和诚意;同时应该有对不同道德价值追求的历史主义尊重,强化交流互鉴的伦理意义;应该树立人类命运共同体的意识,培育同舟共济、同心同德的精神。

The diversification of moral life and the pluralism of values have brought about a certain degree of moral liberation and moral progress, and also caused a lot of confusion, hesitation and uncertainty to people’s spiritual life and value evaluation, thus demonstrating the necessity and importance of reaching moral consensus in the whole society. The foundation formed by moral consensus lies in the need for human coexistence, the inherent requirements of intersubjectivity (交互主体性) and the common value pursuit by individual members. In terms of its essential connotation, moral consensus is not only the basic and minimum consensus for human moral life, but also the common understanding of the moral bottom line or the bottom-line ethics. It is the construction and identity of the basic moral framework and common belief of the society, and also the exploration and desire for the ultimate value and the supreme goal. To reach moral consensus, we must ensure the freedom and equal status of each person in our society and fully embody the respect and sincerity among the people. Meanwhile, we must show historical respect to the pursuit for different moral values and enhance the ethical significance of mutual exchanges and references. Besides, we must establish the consciousness of the community of shared future for mankind, and foster the spirit of pulling together in times of trouble and dedicating ourselves heart and soul to the same cause.