自由贸易港是目前全球开放水平最高的特殊经济功能区,自由贸易港建设将引领我国新一轮的对外开放,是我国对外开放40年来重要的里程碑。中国特色自由贸易港的本质特征在于要素和资源的自由流动,功能在于促进对外贸易、培育现代产业和引领开放,内在逻辑在于降低交易成本,核心在于制度创新。在探索建设自由贸易港的过程中,需要从市场开放、制度创新和经济的空间演化等方面把握自由贸易港背后的深层经济学逻辑,从历史和实践中深刻总结世界自由贸易港的演进规律和成功经验,并结合中国自由贸易港建设的现实基础,以包容性开放发展为原则,从贸易投资、要素集聚、税收制度、产业发展、区位布局、运作模式和监管体制等方面构建中国特色自由贸易港的政策和制度体系,重点关注离岸功能的开拓和现代服务业的发展,形成中国特色自由贸易港与“一带一路”的机制性嵌入和腹地经济融合联动创新,推动形成全面开放新格局。

A free trade port is a special economic function zone with the highest level of openness in the world. The construction of free trade ports will lead a new round of opening-up in China, and it is an important milestone in the process of China’s 40 years of opening-up.The essential feature of the free trade port with Chinese characteristics lies in its free flow of elements and resources.Its function is to promote foreign trade, cultivate modern industries and lead opening-up. Its internal logic is to reduce transaction costs, and its core lies in institutional innovation.In the process of exploring the construction of free trade ports, we need to grasp the deep logic of economics behind their construction from the perspectives of market opening, institutional innovation and spatial evolution of economy, and profoundly summarize the evolutionary law and successful experienceof the world’s free trade ports from both historical and practical perspectives. And in combination with the realistic foundation of the construction of free trade ports in China andon the basis of the principle of inclusive opening and development, we need toconstruct the policy and institutional system of free trade ports with Chinese characteristics from the perspectives of trade investing, element agglomeration, taxation system, industrial development, location layout, operation mode and supervision system,and focus on the opening-up of their offshore functions and the development of modern service industries, so as to finally form anembedding mechanismand integrated innovation for the free trade ports with Chinese characteristics and for the Belt and Road Initiative, and promote the formation of a new comprehensive opening-up pattern.