在语言濒危情况日益严峻的情况下，对语言记录和保护显得更为迫切。本文从语言学田野调查的角度着重阐述了在语言记录和保护工作中应该注意的几个基本问题:在语言记录和保护中，语言材料的最基本要求是通过同音字表的检验；可以根据记录和保护的目的，选择合适的语言样本，根据需要呈现其中部分样本的；实际的语言记录和保护工作与理论假设之间是一种互动关系，相互制约又相互促进；由于双语在语言发展变化中的重要作用，应该对双语状况进行充分的描写。只有在这些基本问题上有清楚的认识，语言记录和保护才能更有成效。

Language documentation and conservation are an important action to cherish languages as cultural fruits of tens of millennia. This paper restated opinions on several fundamental issues in language documentation and conservation from the perspective of linguistic fieldwork. Firstly, it is always necessary to examine and confirm the categories of the informants’ perception by means of homophone lists, no matter how advanced the recording equipment might be. Secondly, the selection and representation of language samples are closely related to the purpose of language documentation and conservation, without a never-changing method. Thirdly, there is no absolutely objective language documentation and conservation. Theoretical hypotheses may limit the means of documentation and conservation on the one hand, and they may also be improved during the process of documentation and conservation on the other hand. Fourthly, it is not the case that the less interfered with the language is, the more valuable it is. Bilingualism plays a very important role in the language development, which should be paid much attention to in the documentation and conservation.