In Karl Polanyi's view, capitalist society is both a society of “social differentiation”, and a society of “ethical fragmentation”. As the law that governs the commodity exchange relations in capitalist society also dominates human life, the bourgeois view of moral freedom leads to the loss of moral freedom on the part of human beings, especially the laborers,thus being caught in the ethical dilemma that “the understanding of freedom and responsibility” transcends “the bourgeois world's own boundaries”. The breakthrough plan for this ethical dilemma lies in the replacement of the capitalist society by the humane society, that is, the socialist society. Socialism is the dominant ideology of the coming era of stability, and it is also a mature society in which individual freedom can obtain institutional guarantees and achieve fairness. Polanyi's moral criticism of capitalist society is profound and novel, which contains many valuable insights. However, he did not understand historical materialism, nor did he understand that the immorality of capitalist society and the ethical dilemma of the bourgeois view on moral freedom are both caused by the capitalist mode of production. This also led the new social program of humane society that he had proposed to the set pattern of the view on abstract human nature. His argument that socialism should be associated with Christianity so as to take the place of capitalist society is also unscientific.